The best way to view our high-speed video clips of surface skimming stoneflies is to link to a figure that maps skimming behaviors onto a phylogenetic tree for the order Plecoptera. Behaviors described in all of our previous publications on surface skimming are contained here. The source of this figure is:

Thomas, M.A., K.A. Walsh, M.R. Wolf, B.A. McPheron, and J.H. Marden. 2000. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of evolutionary trends in stonefly wing structure and locomotor behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 97:13178-13183.

Another figure that has drawings and movie links can be accessed here. It is from:

Marden, J.H., B.C. O'Donnell, M.A. Thomas, and J.Y. Bye. 2000. Surface-skimming stoneflies and mayflies: the taxonomic and mechanical diversity of two-dimensional aerodynamic locomotion. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 73, 751-764.

A teaching exercise using these data is also available.

A link to an instructor's version can be obtained by emailing me at jhm10@psu.edu.

An important movie link that is not contained in any of the above links shows gill flapping by mayfly and stonefly nymphs.